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UNITED STATES PATENT I OEE1cE..

JOHN H. IRWIN, OF MORTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 247,196, dated September 20, 1881. Application filed April 14, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. IRWIN, of Morton, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ovens, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

My invention has especial relation to that class of ovens employed upon stoves for domestic use, wherein hydrocarbon oils or carbureted hydrogen constitute the fuel; and it has for its object the production of a simple, cheap, and effective device which may be applied to any form or style of the above-named stoves, and wherein there are employed suitableappliances for conveying and directing the heated currents to the article to be cooked, compelling the products of combustion to circulate freely through the oven, and to part with their heat before escaping and in certain novel and useful combinations or arrangement of parts and peculiarities of construction and operation, all of which will be hereinalter first fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

. In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view of one form of oven, wherein are employed suitable defiectin g devices for directing the heated products of combustion. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the ejector employed upon the chimney for the escape of the products of combustion. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of another form of oven. Fig. 4 shows a vertical section of a modification of my improved oven.

Like letters of reference, wherever they occur, indicate corresponding parts in all the figures. V

The oven herein referred to is an improvement upon that form shown in Letters Patent granted to me June 15, 1880, No. 228,762. Ovens for oil and gas stoves, as usually constructed before my said invention, were not properly arranged to utilize the heat produced by the combustion of the fuel used in the stove to which they were attached or of which they formed a part, the products of combustion being more or less mixed with cold air admitted to the oven, and said ovens were not arranged so as to compel a systematic circulation of the products of combustion before escaping. By my improved method of construction only the heated products of combustion, practically unmixed with air from without, are allowed to enter theoven, and they are compelled to systematically circulate and to part with the greater portion of their heat before escaping into the open air, whereby the economy, rapidity, and thoroughness with which cooking or baking may be done is greatly increased.

A is, the exterior wall of the oven, constructed of any approved metal. at the side or center thereof, is located an opening, A, surrounded by a flange, a, of requisite depth, the same being arranged to fit into the utensil-hole inthe, top of a stove, forming a substantially closed connection therewith.

In the form of oven shown in Fig. l the outside wall is curved so as to form about twothirds of a circle, the wall upon one side being vertical and provided with slots or openings B B for the escaping products of combustion. In the oven shown in said figure the slots for the escape of the exhausted'products of combustion are made to extend the entire width of the oven; but, if desired, they may be made shorter. Upon the outside of the vertical portion of the Wall is located a chimney, G, extending a short distance above the top of the oven. This chimney covers the entire width of the oven; but, if desired, it may be made narrower to conform to the length of the slots B B, and may be provided with au ejecting device at top 0, Fig. 2, for accelerating the outflow of the products of combustion after they have parted with their heat.

D is a deflector extending across the interior of the oven,abovetheinlet thereto. Itis hinged to the side of the opening at d, and provided with a projection or arm, d, having a slot therein for the purpose of admitting the curved tongue 01 affixed to the bottom of the oven. In the projection or armd is placed, a thumbscrew, d for the purpose of holding the deflector firmly in position when placed at the desired angle; but, if desired, the deflectormay be made stationary and the movable parts dispensed with.

E E are dampers for regulating the flow of the products of combustion into the chimney.

F is a perforated metal shelf, secured to the At the bottom, either 7 walls of the oven, for the reception of cooking or baking utensils. This shelf is provided with raised flanges f f upon two sides, to prevent the cooking utensil from being displaced and interrupting the flow of the heated products of combustion into and from the oven.

When this oven is mounted upon a stove for use the deflector D is fixed at such an angle as to admit the heated products of combustion in the necessary volume, and the dampers E E are placed so as to regulate the out flow into the chimney. The entering current, striking plate D, will be deflected to the wall of the oven, a portion passing therefrom under the shelf and escaping at B. The remainder will be deflected downward from the top of the oven upon any article placed upon the shelf, and after parting with its heat will escape at B.

The form of oven shown in Fig. 3 has a rounded top, and is provided with perforated shelves F F. In this oven are shown three exit-openings, B, B, and B and the chimney may be dispensed with. Upon the under side of the perforated shelves are located sliding grates G G, the same being operated by means of the handle 9, attached thereto and extending to the exterior of the oven.

H is a damper, hinged at h, and regulated from the outside of the oven by means of the projection 71.. In practice, if it is desired to use only the lower shelf of the oven for cooking, damper H may be dropped so as to rest upon the flange f upon shelf F, and by drawin g the grate G outward the perforations in the shelf will be closed, cutting 0E the upper portion of the oven. By the use of the grate below the shelves the amount of heat admitted to the bottom of the cooking utensil can be nicely regulated, thereby obtaining a uniform degree of cooking.

Fig. 4 shows a form of oven the wall whereof is rounded upon the sides in order to facilitate the passage and deflection of the heated products of combustion, the amount thereof admitted to the oven being regulated by means of the deflector I. The shelves are shown as imperforate, although, if desired, the same construction may be employed as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. The heated products of combustion, after performing their work, escape from the oven upon one side thereof, as in Fig. 3, but are confined to a-eonduit, J, upon the outside of the oven, and are conducted below the level of the bottom thereof before escaping to the open air.

My improved oven is adapted for use with any form of oil or gas stove, and is so constructed and arranged as to practically form a continuation of the frame-space of the stove. The heated products of combustion are not allowed to mix with cold air from the exterior of the stove, but must pass entirely through the oven and perform all their work before they escape.

It will thus be seen that my improved device admirably answers the uses and purposes for which it is intended.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the inlet-opening at the bottom of the oven for products of combustion unmixed with fresh air from without, of the movable deflecting-plate located thereabove, and the outlets B B for the products of combustion, provided with dampers for regulating the same, substantially as shown and described.

2. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the inlet-opening at the bottom of the oven, of the movable deflecting-plate located thereabove, the outlets B B for the products of combustion, provided with dampers for regulating the same, and the chimney surrounding said outlets, substantially as shown and described.

3. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the walls thereof, of the damper H and the movable grates located upon the under side of the cookingshelves, substantially as shown and described.

4. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the walls thereof, of the movable deflecting-plate located above the inlet-opening for the products of combustion unmixed with fresh air from without, the shelves affixed to the sides of the oven, and the conduit J, adapted and arranged to compel the products of combustion to take a downward course after parting with their heat and before escapin g, substantially as shown and described.

5. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the walls thereof, of the movable deflecting-plate located above the inlet-opening for products of combustion, and the shelves affixed to the sides of the oven, substantially as shown and described.

6. In an oven of the character herein specified, the combination, with the opening in the bottom thereof for products of combustionto enter, practically unmixed with fresh air from without, of the straight movable or adjustable deflecting-plate, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN H. IRWIN.

Witnesses F. W. HANAFORD, A. M. PIERCE. 

